Do You Have These Symptoms? (The STOP Questionnaire)
- S: Do you Snore loudly?
- T: Do you often feel Tired, fatigue, or sleepy during the day?
- O: Do you stop breathing during sleep, as Observed by others?
- P: Do you have or are you being treated for high blood Pressure?
If you answered “yes” to two or more, you may have Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
What Causes Snoring?
Snoring happens when the muscles in your throat relax too much during sleep, leading to a partial blockage of your airway, causing them to vibrate as you breathe. Factors such as sleeping on your back, having a cold, or consuming alcohol before bed can make snoring more likely.
When Snoring Becomes a Red Flag
While occasional snoring is generally harmless, chronic, loud snoring could be a red flag for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA).
What is Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)?
OSA is a sleep disorder characterized by:
- Obstructive: Recurrent Airway Obstruction
- Sleep: During sleep
- Apnea: Brief stops in breathing
In OSA, your airway repeatedly becomes blocked – partially or completely – when you sleep. This blockage causes pauses in breathing that can last for a few seconds to a minute, leading to poor sleep quality and health risks.
How Does Sleep Apnea Affect Your Body?
During a sleep apnea episode, your diaphragm and chest muscles work harder to open the obstructed airway to pull air into your lungs. The blockage and lack of airflow can cause your blood oxygen levels to drop, triggering a survival reflex in your brain that wakes you up just enough to resume breathing with a loud gasp, snort, or body jerk.
The Impact on Your Sleep and Health
While that survival reflex is key in keeping you breathing, it also disrupts your sleep. As more disruptions in your sleep happen, your sleep quality suffers, leading to significant health risks. These risks include reduced oxygen flow to vital organs and the onset of irregular heart rhythms.
Signs and Symptoms of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
How can you tell if you have OSA? Look out for these common signs and symptoms:
- Daytime Sleepiness or Fatigue: Feeling excessively tired during the day, even after a full night’s sleep, can indicate OSA as it disrupts your sleep cycle, preventing restorative rest and causing persistent fatigue.
- Dry Mouth or Sore Throat Upon Awakening: Waking up with a dry mouth or sore throat is common in those with OSA, due to frequent mouth breathing during the night.
- Morning Headaches: Waking up with headaches can suggest that your sleep is being disrupted by breathing issues.
- Trouble Concentrating, Forgetfulness, Depression, or Irritability: These cognitive and emotional symptoms can stem from the poor sleep quality associated with OSA.
- Night Sweats: Experiencing night sweats could be a result of the body’s stress response to breathing interruptions.
- Restlessness During Sleep: Frequent awakenings, tossing and turning, or feeling restless during the night can be signs of OSA.
- Sexual Dysfunction: OSA can impact hormone levels and overall energy, potentially leading to sexual dysfunction.
- Loud, Persistent Snoring: Especially if it’s punctuated by periods of silence followed by gasping or choking sounds.
- Sudden Awakenings with a Sensation of Gasping or Choking: These abrupt awakenings are due to the body’s reflex to resume breathing.
- Difficulty Getting Up in the Mornings: Struggling to wake up or feeling unrefreshed after sleep may indicate that your rest is being disturbed by OSA.
Consequences of OSA
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) can lead to several serious health issues, including:
- Increased Risk of Hypertension: High blood pressure can elevate the risk of heart disease.
- Heart Attack: OSA raises the risk of myocardial infarction (heart attack).
- Premature Deaths: Blocked airways during sleep can be life-threatening.
- Higher Risk of Strokes: OSA increases the likelihood of experiencing a stroke.
- Strained Relationships: Frequent snoring can affect your relationship with your partner.
- Appearance and Well-being: OSA can cause a tired appearance, premature aging, decreased sexual libido, and potential impotence.
- Road Traffic Accidents: Reduced alertness from poor sleep can lead to an increased risk of accidents.
Addressing OSA is crucial to reducing these risks and improving overall health and quality of life.
Seeking Diagnosis for OSA
Recognizing OSA symptoms is crucial for effective treatment and improving health. If you suspect you or someone you know may have OSA, do consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and a treatment plan.
Your doctor may recommend a sleep study to monitor your sleep patterns and breathing.
Home Sleep Test for OSA
A home sleep test typically measures the following:
- heart rate
- blood oxygen level
- airflow
- breathing patterns
If you have sleep apnea, the test results will show drops in your oxygen level during apneas, and subsequent rises with awakenings.
If the results are abnormal, your doctor may be able to prescribe a therapy without further testing.
However, since portable monitors might not catch all cases of sleep apnea, a more detailed sleep study (i.e. a polysomnography test) may be recommended even if your initial results are normal.
Treatment for OSA
Treatments for OSA can include:
- lifestyle changes
- weight management, or
- using a CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) machine to keep your airway open during sleep.
Surgery for OSA
Anterior Palatoplasty – The Palatal Lift Operation
Anterior palatoplasty is a surgical treatment for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). It involves lifting the soft part of the roof of the mouth (palate) to improve airflow and may include tonsil removal. The procedure can be done under local anesthesia, meaning you might be awake but pain-free.
This less extensive surgery reshapes the soft palate with dissolvable stitches. It can significantly reduce the severity of sleep apnea, decreasing snoring by more than 70%, and avoiding long-term nasal reflux.
Conclusion
Addressing Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is crucial for improving your health and quality of life.
If you experience symptoms like loud snoring, daytime fatigue, or morning headaches, seek medical advice. Early diagnosis and treatment—whether through lifestyle changes, CPAP therapy, or surgery—can reduce health risks and enhance your well-being.
Take action today for a healthier tomorrow!
Featured Doctor：
Dr Raymond Tan Suan-Kuo
Consultant ENT, Head & Neck Surgeon, Snoring & Sleep Apnea Specialist
